Primary Sources
Unpublished Manuscripts

Edwards, Bertha.  “History of Capitol Theater,” A History of Blacks in Portsmouth,   vol. 1.  Portsmouth Public Library. 

State and Local Documents

Portsmouth and Norfolk City Directory.  Portsmouth (VA). 1925.

______________________________________________.  1939.

______________________________________________.  1942.

Interviews

Carey, Richard, movie patron.  Interview by author, 3 November 2001, Chesapeake (VA).  Telephone.

Felder, Josephine, movie patron. Interview by author, 4  November 2001, Chesapeake (VA).  Telephone.

Jones, Arthur, talent show singer. Interview by author, 8  November 2001, Portsmouth (VA).  Personal.

Mack, Helen, movie patron.  Interview by author, 4 November  2001,    Chesapeake (VA).  Telephone.

Nalls, Katie, theater employee.  Interview by author, 8 November 2001, Portsmouth (VA).  Tape recording.

Pipher, Mae Bazemore Parker, movie patron. Interview by author, 2 November 2001, Chesapeake (VA).  Telephone.

Sanford, David, talent show singer.  Interview by author, 3 November 2001, Chesapeake (VA).  Telephone.

Watts, Vivian, movie patron.  Interview by author, 2 November 2001, Chesapeake (VA).   Telephone.

Maps

Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, October 1943.  New York: Sanborn Map Company, 1920.
 

Newspapers

Norfolk Journal and Guide.  Norfolk, VA, 1925, 1935, 1939, 1942-43.  

Secondary Sources
Books

Faragher, John Mack, Mary Jo Buhle, Daniel Czitrom, and Susan H. Armitage.  Out of Many: A History of the American People. Vol. 2.  3rd Ed.  Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice Hall Incorporated, 1994.

Henschen, Beth and Edward Sidlow.  America at Odds:  The Essentials.  Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice Hall Incorporated, 2000.

Hine, Darlene Clark, William C. Hine, and Stanley Harrold.  The African- American Odyssey, Volume II:  Since 1863.  Upper Saddle River (NJ):  Prentice Hall Incorporated, 2001.

Kobelski, Jane H., ed.  Readings in Black and White: Lower Tidewater Virginia.  Portsmouth, (VA):  Portsmouth Public Library, 1982.

Lewis, Earl.  In Their Own Interests: Race, Class, and Power in Twentieth Century Norfolk, Virginia.  Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Suggs, Henry Lewis.  P.B. Young:  Newspaperman.  Charlottesville:University Press, 1988.

Wentz, Robert W.  Portsmouth: A Pictorial History.  Virginia Beach:  The Donning Company, 1975.